Although the Mughal Empire was created and maintained by military warfare,[24][25][26] it came to rule by introducing new administrative practices,[27][28] and the involvement of various ruling elites, resulting in a more efficient, centralized and standardized government. [29] The basis of the empire`s collective wealth was the agricultural taxes introduced by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar. [30] [31] These taxes, which accounted for well over half of a farmer`s production,[32] were paid in well-regulated silver money,[29] incentivizing farmers and artisans to enter larger markets. [33] The Jagirdar (local tax collector) was another type of official approached, especially for high-stakes cases. The subjects of the Mughal Empire also took their grievances to the courts of senior officials, who had more authority and punitive power than the local Qadi. These officials included the Kotwal (local police), the Faujdar (an officer who controlled several districts and troops of soldiers) and the most powerful, the Subahdar (provincial governor). In some cases, the emperor himself spoke directly of justice. [82] Jahangir was known to have installed a “chain of justice” in the fortress of Agra that any damaged subject could shake in order to attract the emperor`s attention and circumvent the inefficiency of officials. [85] (i) The chronicles commissioned by the Mughal emperors are an important source for the study of the empire and its court. (iii) At the same time, they were intended to make it clear to those who opposed Mughal rule that all resistance was doomed to failure. The rulers also wanted to make sure that there was a record of their reign for posterity. To log in and use all Khan Academy functions, please enable JavaScript in your browser. In the 17th century, Indians manufactured a variety of firearms; Particularly large cannons were visible in Tanjore, Dhaka, Bijapur and Murshidabad.
[167] The Mughals made an important contribution to the Indian subcontinent with the development of their unique Indo-Persian architecture. Many monuments were built during the Mughal period by Muslim emperors, especially Shah Jahan, including the Taj Mahal – a UNESCO World Heritage Site considered “the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the world`s admired masterpieces of World Heritage”, attracting 7-8 million visitors each year. The palaces, tombs, gardens and forts built by the dynasty can be found today in Agra, Aurangabad, Delhi, Dhaka, Fatehpur Sikri, Jaipur, Lahore, Kabul, Sheikhupura and many other cities of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh,[151] such as: Akbar (reigned 1556-1605) was born as Jalal-ud-din Muhammad[52] at Rajput Fort Umarkot[53] to Humayun and his wife Hamida Banu Begum. a Persian princess. [54] Akbar succeeded to the throne under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped consolidate the Mughal Empire in India. Through war and diplomacy, Akbar was able to expand the empire in all directions and control almost the entire Indian subcontinent north of the Godavari River. [ref. needed] It has created a new ruling elite loyal to it, introduced a modern administration and promoted cultural developments. A major innovation in shipbuilding was the introduction of flush deck design in Bengal rice ships, resulting in stronger and less leak-prone hulls than the structurally weak hulls of traditional European ships built with a multi-level deck design. The British East India Company then duplicated the rinsed deck and hull designs of Bengal rice ships in the 1760s, which led to significant improvements in the seaworthiness and navigation of European ships during the Industrial Revolution. [122] The Mughals built several imperial capitals during their reign.What Were the Main Features of the Mughal Court
